Degenerative Myelopathy

In this Java with Jeanette The Vet episode, Dr. Yamamoto discusses degenerative myelopathy. Degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a heartbreaking but important condition for dog owners to know about. It’s a progressive disease of the spinal cord that slowly causes weakness in the back legs and eventually leads to paralysis. In many ways, it’s similar to ALS (Lou Gehrig’s disease) in people.

DM most often affects middle-aged to older dogs, and it tends to show up in certain breeds such as German Shepherds, Boxers, Corgis, Standard Poodles, Golden Retrievers, and Bernese Mountain Dogs. But it can be seen in other breeds, too.

The first signs are often subtle and can look a lot like arthritis or hip problems: dogs may seem wobbly, scrape their back toes on the ground, or struggle to get up after resting. Over time, this weakness progresses. Many dogs begin “knuckling,” or walking on the tops of their paws, which can cause scrapes and sores. Eventually, the condition may lead to incontinence or even difficulty breathing as the disease moves forward.

One of the hardest parts of degenerative myelopathy is that there’s no cure. It’s caused by a genetic mutation, and while there are tests that can identify whether a dog carries the mutation, not every dog with the marker will actually develop the disease. Once symptoms appear, the focus shifts to quality of life: keeping dogs comfortable, supporting mobility with things like harnesses or wheelchairs, and providing loving care as the disease progresses.

How long a dog lives with DM varies. Some dogs progress quickly, while others may do well for a year or two with good support. Each journey looks a little different, and it depends on the individual dog and the care they receive.

If your dog is showing signs of hind-end weakness or wobbliness, it’s important to see your veterinarian. While degenerative myelopathy is one possibility, other conditions can look very similar — some of which may be treatable. Your vet can help rule out those causes, guide you through testing if needed, and talk with you about the best ways to support your dog if DM is suspected.

Living with a dog who has DM can be challenging, but many families find ways to adapt and enjoy meaningful time together. Early recognition, supportive care, and a focus on comfort can make a world of difference.