Idiopathic Vestibular Syndrome

As discussed by Dr. Yamamoto on Java with Jeanette The Vet

Idiopathic vestibular syndrome—sometimes called “old dog vestibular disease”—is a sudden-onset condition that affects balance and coordination, most commonly seen in older dogs, though cats can be affected too.

This condition originates in the inner ear, where the vestibular system helps the body maintain balance. When disrupted, pets may appear dizzy, disoriented, or unsteady on their feet. A classic scenario: you come home to find your dog leaning or circling, unable to stand properly, and possibly vomiting. It's often mistaken for a stroke.

What “Idiopathic” Means

“Idiopathic” simply means the cause is unknown. While inner ear infections, tumors, or other neurologic issues can cause similar signs, idiopathic vestibular syndrome is diagnosed when no specific underlying condition is found. It usually appears without warning and resolves gradually over days to weeks.

Common Symptoms

• Head tilt

• Loss of balance or falling to one side

• Nausea or vomiting

• Rapid eye movements (nystagmus)

• Reluctance to eat or drink

What to Expect

The good news: this condition is often temporary. Pets usually show their worst symptoms at the beginning, and many begin to improve within 72 hours. Most recover fully, though some may have a lasting head tilt.

Treatment typically focuses on supportive care—anti-nausea medication, help with hydration, and ensuring your pet can rest safely. In some cases, hospitalization may be needed early on. If recovery doesn’t start within a few days, or if symptoms worsen, your vet might recommend imaging like an MRI to rule out other causes. Please watch her latest Java with Jeanette the Vet episode below